Glossary

ABSORPTION

- The third step in the 6 stages of nutrition. The process by which substances (including nutrients) are taken up by the intestine and are passed into the circulatory system (bloodstream). ACEROLA - A tropical fruit high in Vitamin C (acerola cherry).

ACEROLA

- A tropical fruit high in Vitamin C (acerola cherry).

ACETYLCHOLINE

- A neurotransmitter found in the brain and nerve tissue. Made in the body from phosphotidyl choline.

ACID

- Not all acids are dangerous liquids; in the case of nutrients (essential fatty acids, ascorbic acid for instance), the word acid merely denotes chemical structure.

ADD/ADHD

- Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

ADRENAL GLAND

- A triangular-shaped organ located on the top of each kidney, which produces the hormone adrenaline.

ALA

- Alpha-linolenic acid - one of eight omega-3 fatty acids

ALKALI

- A substance that will neutralize an acid to form a salt; a base.

ALLERGY

- A reaction of body tissues to a specific substance.

AMINO ACIDS

- A class of organic compounds known as “Building Blocks of the protein molecule”. Natural Amino Acids are preceded by the letter “L” (L-Methionine), while synthetics use the letter “d” (d-methionine).

AMINO ACID CHELATES

- The use of Amino Acids to chelate (capture) mineral ions to neutralize the molecular charge and improve absorption potential.

ANTIBODY

- A substance produced in the body which reacts against bacteria, disease, or other foreign material in the bloodstream.

ANTICOAGULANT

- An agent that prevents or delays blood coagulation.

ANTI-OXIDANT

- An agent which prevents oxidation reactions from occurring. In the diet, this includes Beta Carotene, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium and others.

ARTIFICIAL STOMACH

- A research and quality control instrument that simulates the human stomach environment.

ASCORBIC ACID

- The technical name of Vitamin C.

ASSIMILATION

- The fifth step in the 6 stages of nutrition. Absorb into the system; transform food into living tissues; become one with the body.

ATROPHY

- A wasting away of a cell, tissue, organ or part.

AVITAMINOSIS

- A condition due to the lack or deficiency of a vitamin in the diet or to the lack of absorption or utilization.

BACTERIA

- One-celled organisms that may be either harmless or harmful to the body.

BASAL METABOLIC RATE

- The rate at which our bodies burn calories for energy production while at rest.

BETA CAROTENE

- The pro-vitamin or building block the body uses to make Vitamin A.

BETAINE HYDROCHLORIDE

- Helps create an environment conducive to vitamin B12 absorption.

BIODEGRADABLE

- The ability of a product to return to nature without polluting the environment.

BIOFLAVONOIDS

- A naturally occurring group of micronutrients associated with Vitamin C and found in citrus fruit. Commonly called “Vitamin P” or “P-factors”.

CALCIFICATION

- Process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by a deposit of calcium salts. Normally occurs in the formation of bones and teeth.

CALORIE

- A measure of a unit of heat or energy. In food, the energy value.

CAPILLARY

- A minute, thin-walled blood vessel.

CARBOHYDRATES

- Organic molecules of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. A primary energy source to animals. Includes such common constituents as starch, cellulose, glucose and sugar.

CARCINOGENIC

- Cancer producing.

CAROTENE

- A natural plant-produced yellow pigment that exists in several forms; alpha, beta and gamma carotene are pro-vitamins that may be converted into Vitamin A in the body.

CAROTENOID

- A group of naturally occurring food nutrients that includes beta-carotene.

CATABOLISM

- The aspect of metabolism which converts nutrients or complex substances in living cells into simpler compounds, often with the release of energy. May also require energy.

CELL

- The smallest structural unit of living material.

CELLULOSE

- One of 5 types of fibre found in plants. A non-digestible, non-caloric carbohydrate when consumed by man.

CELLULAR

- Having to do with activity or function at the individual cell level.

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

- The brain and spinal cord.

CHAIN OF LIFE

- 6 dietary factors required for optimum nutrition: (1) vitamins, (2) minerals, (3) enzymes, (4) protein, (5) lipids and sterols, and (6) carbohydrates.

CHELATION

- The means by which a mineral ion is captured and surrounded by a non-mineral metallic substance, neutralizing the minerals molecular charge. (Also see Amino Acid Chelates).

CHOLESTEROL

- A fat-like, waxy substance found in all animal fats, bile, skin, blood and brain tissue. Too much cholesterol can plug up arteries and often lead to heart disease. Has 3 primary forms of being transported in human blood; HDL - High Density Lipoprotein, LDL - Low Density Lipoprotein and VLDL - Very Low Density Lipoprotein.

CHOLINE

- A member of the B-vitamin family present in lecithin as phosphatidyl choline.

CHYME

- The thick, greyish, semiliquid mass into which food is converted by gastric digestion in the stomach.

CIRCULATION

- The fourth step in the 6 stages of nutrition. The body’s transport system for cellular nutrients and waste.

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

- The means of transportation of fluids within the body (e.g., blood is transported by the veins, arteries and heart).

COAGULATION

- The process of clotting in the blood.

COBALAMIN

- Vitamin B12.

COENZYME

- An assistant or helper, usually a vitamin or mineral, which is necessary for the enzyme to do its work.

COLD PRESS

- To use pressure without heat; a method used to extract certain oils from foods, helps to preserve nutrient content.

COLLAGEN

- The main organic constituent of connective tissue and the organic substance of bones and cartilage.

COLON

- Large organ at the end of the intestinal tract where the elimination process starts.

COMPOUND

- Made up of two or more parts.

CONGENITAL

- Existing at or before birth.

CYTOPLASM

- The protoplasm of a cell outside the nucleus.

DEFICIENCY

- The lack of a specific nutrient or nutrients.

DEHYDRATION

- The abnormal depletion of body fluids from tissues; the condition that results from undue loss of water or inadequate water intake.

DETOXIFICATION

- Reduction of the toxic or poisonous properties of a substance. (Removal or elimination of a toxic substance.)

DEXTROSE

- A sugar found in plants and animals and in the human blood; glucose. DHA - Abbreviation for Docosahexaenoic Acid, one of eight omega-3 fatty acids found primarily in the oil of certain fish.

DIASTASE

- A starch and carbohydrate digesting enzyme.

DIET

- All the food and fluids we consume each day, good or bad.

DIGESTION

- The processes by which foods are broken down in the digestive system so nutrients can be absorbed.

DNA

- Abbreviation for “deoxyribonucleic acid”; nucleic acid present in chromosomes in nuclei of cells; chemical basis of heredity and carrier of genetic information.

DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID

- See DHA.

DPA

- Docosapentaenoic acid - one of eight omega-3 fatty acids

ECGC

- Epigallocatechin Gallate - a polyphenol found in green tea.

EDTA

- Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid

EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID

- See EPA.

ELIMINATION

- The 6th and final stage of nutrition. The means by which the body rids itself of the waste products of metabolism.

EMULSION

- A finely divided mixture or suspension of two liquids not mutually soluble; i.e., oil in water.

ENDOCRINE GLANDS

- A system of ductless glands throughout the body that secrete hormones directly to the bloodstream.

ENTERIC COATING

- A special GNLD coating designed to “break-up” in the digestive system at the desired point of nutrient delivery.

ENVIRONMENT

- All the physical, social, and cultural factors and conditions influencing the existence or development of an organism or assemblage of organisms.

ENZYME

- A specialized protein formed in living cells which brings about chemical changes.

EPA

- Abbreviation for Eicosapentaenoic Acid, one of eight omega-3 fatty acids found primarily in the oils of certain fish.

ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS

- Fatty acids which the body requires and cannot manufacture; must be supplied by the diet.

ESTERS

- Compounds formed by the combination of an organic acid with alcohol.

ETA

- Eicosatetraenoic acid - one of eight omega-3 fatty acids

ETrA

- Eicosatrienoic acid - one of eight omega-3 fatty acids

EXCRETION

- The process of eliminating waste products from the body.

FAO

- Food and Agriculture Organizations of the United Nations, headquarters in Rome, Italy.

FAT

- Essential for concentrated energy storage. It’s also necessary for the absorption and transport of fat-soluble nutrients within the body.

FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMIN

- Vitamin able to dissolve in fats and oils, usually found in fatty tissues of animals. (Vitamins A, D, E and K.)

FATTY ACIDS

- The basic components of triglycerides, of which fats are primarily comprised.

FIBRE

- A non-digestible, non-caloric carbohydrate consisting of the cellular matrix of plants.

FIBRIN

- Protein formed by action of thrombin and fibrogen; basis for blood clotting.

FOLIC ACID

- A member of the B-vitamin family.

FRUCTOSE

- A natural fruit sugar found abundantly in ripe fruits and honeys.

GASTROINTESTINAL

- Pertaining to the stomach and intestine.

GLUCOSE

- The simple sugar (a carbohydrate) which can be absorbed and can be manufactured by the body; blood sugar.

GLUCOSAMINE

- An amino sugar normally found in healthy cartilage.

GLUTEN

- The PROTEIN part of wheat NOT used in any of GNLD products. GNLD uses the OIL part of the wheat.

GLYCEMIC EDGE

- The ability of the simple sugar fructose to provide readily available energy without causing excessive insulin production which can result in hypoglycemia.

GLYCOGEN

- Form in which energy is stored in the body. Storage form of glucose.

GRAS

- Generally recognised as safe

GUMS

, - One of the “soluble” dietary fibres primarily produced and secreted by plant cells.

HAEMOGLOBIN

- The iron-containing pigment of red blood cells.

HCC

- GNLD’s Herbal Comfort Complex - a unique and exclusive blend of specially selected herbs and other phytonutrients

HERB

- A plant or plant part valued for its medicinal, savoury or aromatic qualities.

HESPERIDIN

- A member of the “Vitamin P” family and believed to prevent capillary fragility. Found in some natural Vitamin C containing fruits or vegetables.

HOMOCYSTEINE

- An amino acid that is produced in the body in the course of methionine metabolism

HORMONE

- A chemical substance that is secreted into body fluids and transported to another organ where it produces a specific effect.

HPA

- Heneicosapentaenoic acid - one of eight omega-3 fatty acids

HYDROCHLORIC ACID

- An acid that is a normal part of gastric juice.

HYDROGENATION

- The process of introducing hydrogen into a compound, as when oils are hydrogenated to produce solid fats.

IMMUNE SYSTEM

- The body’s natural defence system against diseases.

INFECTION

- A condition resulting from the invasion of tissue by harmful bacteria or virus.

INFLAMMATION

- The reaction of tissue to any type of injury.

INORGANIC

- Occurring independently of living things.

INOSITOL

- A member of the B-vitamin family present in lecithin as phosphatidyl choline.

I.U. (INTERNATIONAL UNITS)

- A unit of activity measure applied to a product that conforms to international standards. (Vitamins A, D and E.)

KEL-PRO

- A special kelp-derived raw material with protein; used as a skin protection factor.

LACTO-VEGETARIAN

- One who consumes no animal products except milk.

LECITHIN

- A fatty substance found in blood, milk, egg yolk, soy beans, and certain vegetables. Widely used as an emulsifier and as an aid in the assimilation of fats. Known for its lipotropic properties and content of phosphotidyl choline.

LEGUMES

- Plants having seed-containing pods that are used as foods.

LIGNIN

- One of the insoluble fibres obtained primarily from cereals and fruits.

LIPID

- A fat or fat-like substance vital to the diet and important to cellular activity.

LIPOTROPIC

- Dietary factors known to provide “lipid active” functions in the body; prevents the accumulation of fat by the liver.

LYMPH

- A clear, alkaline body fluid found in the lymph glands and tissue spaces.

MALNUTRITION

- The condition of a person who does not receive a proper proportion of all essential nutrients.

MEGADOSE

- Term used to describe massive quantities of a specific nutrient when given for therapeutic purposes.

METABOLISM

- The chemical changes in living cells by which energy is produced and new material is assimilated for the repair and replacement of tissues. The conversion of large molecules into smaller ones and smaller ones into larger ones. The sum of the changes that occur.

MINERAL

- Inorganic material found in the earth’s crust.

NEO-PLEX CONCENTRATE

- Exclusive to GNLD provides virtually everything from whole oranges except the water.

NERVOUS SYSTEM

- A network of nerve cells, brain and spinal cord which regulates and coordinates body activities.

NIACIN

- A member of the B-vitamin family. Vitamin B3.

NUTRIENT

- A substance needed by a living thing to maintain life, health and reproduction.

ORGANIC

- Being composed of or containing matter of plant or animal origin. Something that is or was alive.

OSTEOMALACIA

- Softening of bone tissue due to a lack of calcification. Usually caused by a deficiency of Vitamin D.

OSTEOPOROSIS

- A degenerative disease of the bone caused by inadequate calcium intake, absorption or deposition. A reduction in the quantity of bone material.

OVO-VEGETARIAN

- One who consumes no animal products except eggs.

OXIDATION

- The chemical process by which a substance combines with oxygen, resulting in a change to another form and usually accompanied by the release of energy. Burning of wood, gas, etc, is a form of oxidation. Metabolic energy production is oxidation.

PABA

- Para-amino benzoic acid. A member of the B-vitamin family.

PECTIN

- One of the “soluble” dietary fibres that acts as a binding agent for the fibre structure within plants.

PHYTONUTRIENTS

- Nutrients derived from plants.

PLACEBO

- An inactive substance used in place of the active substance; often used as a control in experiments.

PLATELET

- A small, irregularly shaped disk that plays an important role in blood coagulation.

POLYUNSATURATED FATS

- Includes safflower oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, soybean oil. Fats that are usually liquid at room temperature. Fats that contain two or more unsaturated chemical bonds.

PRESERVATIVES

- Substances added to medicines, foods or other products to prevent spoilage.

PROTEIN

- Complex organic molecules made of repeating amino acids. Serves as a source of amino acids in the diet. Essential for the formation of tissues, enzymes, hormones and essentially all life functions.

PROTEIN SPARING

- A dietary balance that precludes protein being used as an energy source, sparing it for tissue regeneration and biosynthesis.

PROTOGARD PROCESS

- A unique GNLD manufacturing technique that protects protein quality and exerts a partial “predigestion” with natural enzymes.

PROTOPLASM

- A thick, mucous-like substance that constitutes the physical basis of all living cells.

PYRIDOXINE

- A member of the B-vitamin family. Vitamin B6.

R.D.A.

- An abbreviation for Recommended Daily Allowance. The amount of nutrients suggested as being necessary to maintain life processes and prevent the appearance of symptoms of deficiency diseases.

RED BLOOD CELL

- Cell that contains haemo-globin (which make it red) and carry oxygen to the tissues.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

- The system of breathing apparatus including the nose, pharynx, larynx, tonsils, bronchi and lungs.

RETINOL

- The active form of Vitamin A.

RIBOFLAVIN

- A member of the B-vitamin family. Vitamin B2.

RMC

- Regenerative Mineral Complex - a unique and exclusive blend of key minerals for joint health and function.

RNA

- The abbreviation for “ribonucleic acid”, which carries genetic information from the nucleus to cytoplasmic sites in the cell.

ROSE HIPS

- The fruit of the rose, which consists of a fleshy, bulb-like receptacle located at the base of the rose. Rich in vitamin C.

ROUGHAGE

- A coarse, bulky food, high in fibre, which is nondigestible and stimulates bowel movement; e.g., cellulose.

RUTIN

- A prominent member of the Vitamin P family associated with Vitamin C. Obtained from green buckwheat and similar in its activity to that of hesperidin.

SACCHARINE

- An intensely sweet, white crystalline compound used as a substitute for ordinary sugar. It has no food or energy value.

SATURATED FATS

- Those fats that are usually solid at room temperature. Found primarily in animal-source foods. Associated directly with high blood cholesterol.

SDA

- Stearidonic acid - one of eight omega-3 fatty acids

SPECIES SPECIFIC

- A unique standard of purity assurance practice by GNLD on many food-derived nutrients.

SUCROSE

- Commonly known as cane, beet or table sugar.

SUGAR

- See sucrose.

SUPPLEMENT

- Nutrient taken in addition to regular food in one of many forms, such as tablets, capsules, powder or liquid.

SUSTAINED RELEASE

- An exclusive GNLD manufacturing technique that provides slow, monitored release of nutrients over 6-12 hours.

SYMPTOM

- Something that indicates the presence of a body disorder.

SYNERGIST

- Something that enhances the effectiveness of another.

SYNTHESIS

- Process of building up, producing.

SYNTHETIC

- Something that is produced by the combination of 2 or more different elements.

THIAMINE

- A member of the B-vitamin family. Vitamin B1.

TISSUE RESPIRATION

- The process of using oxygen and other substances to build cells and release energy.

TOCOPHEROL

- Vitamin E, in forms such as alpha, beta, gamma and delta.

TOCOTRIENOL

- Secondary members of the tocopherol (Vitamin E) family; i.e.: Alpha, Beta, Gamma or Delta Tocotrienol.

TOXICITY

- Poisonous effect produced when a person ingests an amount of a substance that is above his or her level of tolerance.

TRACE MINERAL

- A mineral present in minute quantities.

UNSATURATED FATS

- Those fats that are liquid at room temperature. Found mainly in foods of vegetable origin.

USDA

- United States Department of Agriculture

VEGETARIAN

- One who consumes no animal products.

VITAMIN

- An organic substance found in foods which perform specific and vital functions in the cells and tissues of the body. Not produced by the body and must, therefore, come from an external source.

WATER BALANCE

- The ratio between the water absorbed by the body and that which is excreted.

WATER MISCIBLE

- A special GNLD manufacturing technique that causes rapid dispersion of vitamins A and E in water-based fluids (stomach fluid) to maximize absorption potential.

WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS

- Vitamins able to dissolve in water. Cannot be stored in the body and must be supplied on a regular basis.

WHITE BLOOD CELL

- Cell that does not contain haemoglobin and which helps defend the body against disease.

WHO

- World Health Organization.